Neuroglossary - Neurotrauma Law Nexus. We have compiled the definitions of over 5.
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Understanding the terms used in the first step in becoming an effective part of the treatment team.: To go directly to a section, click on a letter below. Supplies lateral rectus, an extrinsic muscle of the eye. Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. Clap your hands together and then move them away from each other; this is abduction. The opposite of abduction is adduction. A localized collection of pus in a cavity, formed by the disintegration of tissues.
A type of epilepsy that occurs especially in children and is manifested by a sudden momentary loss of cosciousness with minimal motor manifestations. Reversible acetic acid ester of choline that serves as a neurotransmitter at the myoneural junction, in parasympathetic ganglia, and at parasympathetic nerve endings. The eighth cranial nerve or nervi vestibulocochlearis, which consists of two sets of fibers, the pars vestibularis nervi octavi and the pars cochlear nervi octavi.
It connects to the brain by corresponding roots. A tumor or new growth which involves the acoustic division of the eighth cranial nere, largely made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers.
Particular spots on the body where a muscle or its fascia is easily irritated and symptomatic in terms of pain. Degree of movement of a segment of a joint. In testing, the movement should be voluntary.
Of recent onset (hours, days, or a few weeks). Care provided during the very early stages following injury, including surgery and intensive care. Focus is on the patient becoming medically stable. Primary emphasis on the early rehabilitation phase which usually begins as soon as a person is medically stable. The program is designed to be comprehensive and based in a medical facility with a typical length of stay of 2- 3 months. Treatment is provided by an identifiable team in a designated unit.
ADL – Activities of daily living. Routine activities carried out for personal hygiene and health (including bathing, dressing feeding) and for operating a household. Describes the movement of a limb toward or beyond the midline of the body. Adduction is illustrated by moving the hands apart and then clapping them together or crossing them at the arms. Adduction is the opposite of abduction.
Fatty tissue. adjustment disorder – A maladaptive reaction to an identifiable psychological stressor. May be severe, but is usually resolved by therapeutic intervention or by the passage of time. The emotional tone characteristic of each person’s presentation. Affect is depressed in dysthymia, elevated in elation. Affect may be described as “flat”, “blunted”, or “inappropriate” to the situation. Sensory pathway proceeding toward the central nervous sysem from the peripheral receptor organs.
A defect in the ability to recognize and intepret compex stimuli caused by lesion in the angular gyrus. Inability to write. Also known as a persistent vegetative state. The patient neither moves or speaks with volition and is unaware of internal or external stimuli. Such persons may appear to be awake but are not truly conscious. A momentary loss of muscle tone throughout the body resulting in falls. Ligaments that limit the rotation of the head.
Two strong bands that pass from the posterolateral part of the tip of the dens of the axis upward and laterally to the condyles of the occipital bone. Inability to read, usually due to lesions of the visual cortex. A uniform rhythm of brain waves in the normal eletroencephalogram, with an average frequency of about 8 to 1. Alzheimer’s disease – Pre- senile or senile dementia with progressive mental impairment.
Characterized pathologically by the presence of excessive neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Temporary impairment or loss of vision (blindness) in one eye due to impairment of blood supply through the internal cartoid artery of the ophthalmic artery. A defect in memory, usually for a period of time or certain events.
Anterograde amnesia is not remembering from the point of stress forward; retrograde amnesia is being unaware of events happening before the point of stress. Refers to the joints on both sides. Classified by degree of movement, they are slightly movable, allowing a limited amount of motion. The degree of anaplasia is related to the malignancy of the tumor.
The standing body with head facing forward, arms at the sides and palms of the hands facing frontward, feet together with the toes also directed forward. In this position, the words posterior, anterior, lateral, medial, etc. The atlanto- axial facet holds firm, and the frontal arch of the atlas touches the odontoid bone. An artery originating from the internal carotid artery serving principally the frontal lobe, corpus collosum olfactory and optic tracts. Branches include the anterior communicating, ganglionic, commissural, and hemispheral arteries. A band of fibers that passes transversely through the lamina terminalis and connects the basal portions of the two cerebral hemispheres.
An artery that originates from the anterior cerebral artery, supplies the caudate nucleus, and helps form the anterior part of the circle of Willis. A condition that brings complete motor paralysis, yet with the ability to feel some sensations and body perception in the legs and feet, without sharp- dull discrimination.
Strong, broad, fibrous ligament that covers and connects the frontal aspects of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. It goes from the sacrum’s pelvic surface to the forward raised eminence on C1 (atlas) and the occipital bone of the skull, frontal to the large opening at the base of the skull, through which the spinal cord enters into the cranial cavity (foramen magnum). It maintains the stability of the joints between the vertebral bodies and helps prevent hyperextension of the vertebral column. A condition of spondylolisthesis in which the vertebral slippage is anterior.
Drugs which block the passage of nerve impulses through the parasympathetic nerves. Loss of the ability to express oneself and/or to understand language.
The inability to speak (expressive asphasia or dysphasia) or comprehend (receptive aphasia or dysphasia) written and/or spoken language due to cerebral disorder. Caused by damage to brain cells rather than deficits in speech or hearing organs. Loss of voice due to disorder of the larynx or its neural connection.
Ribbonlike tendinous expansions connecting muscles with the parts that are moving. Articular facets. See zygapophyseal joints. Refers to any outgrowth or swelling, especially bony expansions that have never been entirely separated from the bones of which they are parts. These are processes, tubercles, or other such protuberances. The inability to carry out correct voluntary movement commanded for a specific situation, although the movement may be performed under other circumstances.
Results from disassociation of parts of the cerebrum and is often associated with parietallobe lesion. A narrow canal, about three- quarters of an inch long, that connects the third and fourth ventricles. The middle layer of the meninges of the brain; so- named (“like a cobweb”) because of its delicate network of tissue. A thin and rather insubstantial membrane covering of the brain and spinal cord lying between the dura mater and the pia mater. A microscopic projection of the arachnoid tissue into the venous sinuses. Arachnoid villus absorb CSF.
A bundle of fibers which connects the superior and middle frontal convoltions with the temporal lobe and temporal pole. Muscles, or portions of muscles, anatomically attached so that upon contraction, the developing forces supplement each other. A condition marked by loss of elasticity thickening, and hardening of the arteries.
Both arterial and venous; pertaining to or affecting an artery and a vein. An abnormal formation of arteries and veins. It may be only a small tangle of vessels or a large collection of abnormal vessels occupying a large area. A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood.
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